有人將噴淋（lín）浸泡清洗（xǐ）稱為化（huà）學脫脂，也就（jiù）是說高壓噴淋（lín）清洗（xǐ）是靠脫脂劑的皂（zào）化作用、乳化作用和分解作用來（lái）去除鋼帶表麵的油脂的。

Some people call spray immersion cleaning chemical degreasing, that is to say, high pressure spray cleaning is to remove the grease on the surface of steel strip by saponification, emulsification and decomposition of degreasing agent.

(1)皂化作用。如果冷軋（zhá）工（gōng）序使用的軋製油主要是采用動物油和植物油配製而成的，這種類型的油通（tōng）稱為皂化油（yóu）。在脫脂過程中堿組（zǔ）分能與這些不溶於水的油類發生反應，生成能溶於水的肥皂，從而去除。反應式（shì）為

(1) Saponification. If the rolling oil used in cold rolling process is mainly made of animal oil and vegetable oil, this type of oil is generally called saponified oil. In the degreasing process, the alkali component can react with these insoluble oils to form water soluble soap, which can be removed. The reaction formula is

(2)乳化作用。如果軋製油中存在礦物油。它屬於非皂化油，基本上不能與堿發生皂（zào）化反應，則必須靠表麵活性劑的乳化作用來去除。

(2) Emulsification. If there is mineral oil in the rolling oil. It belongs to non saponified oil and can not react with alkali, so it must be removed by emulsification of surfactant. 

表麵活性劑能降低水表麵的張力（lì），這樣（yàng）就能使本來平鋪在鋼帶表麵的油膜（mó）卷離（lí）成小油珠，從（cóng）而（ér）乳（rǔ）化。而且表麵活性劑還能在乳化了的油珠表麵形成一（yī）定厚度的界麵膜，使乳化液比較穩定，油汙質點懸浮於清洗液之中，不（bú）再沉積到鋼帶表麵（miàn）。

The surfactant can reduce the tension of water surface, so that the oil film on the surface of steel strip can be separated into small oil droplets, thus emulsifying. Moreover, the surfactant can form a certain thickness of the interfacial film on the surface of the emulsified oil beads, so that the emulsion is relatively stable, and the oil particles are suspended in the cleaning liquid and no longer deposited on the surface of the steel strip.

(3)分散作用。高壓噴淋清（qīng）洗對於鋼帶表麵不溶於水（shuǐ）的固體汙垢的（de）去（qù）除，就靠表麵活（huó）性劑的分散作用。離（lí）子型的表麵活性劑能在固體顆（kē）粒表麵被吸附，使（shǐ）所有的粒子都（dōu）帶有相（xiàng）同的電荷，從而相互排斥而分散開來。此時表麵活性劑的（de）親油基定向排列於固體顆粒表麵，親水基朝向水中。這樣也可使清洗液與固體粒子的界麵張力小於粒子之間（jiān）的內聚力，防止粒子（zǐ）再聚結在一起（qǐ）。

(3) Dispersion. High pressure spray cleaning for steel strip surface insoluble in water solid dirt removal, depends on the surfactant dispersion. Ionic surfactants can be adsorbed on the surface of solid particles, so that all particles have the same charge, so that they repel each other and disperse. At this time, the lipophilic groups of the surfactant are oriented on the surface of the solid particles, and the hydrophilic groups face the water. In this way, the interfacial tension between the cleaning solution and the solid particles is less than the cohesive force between the particles, thus preventing the particles from coalescing again.