It is more complex than the previous washing process and system. So far, the theoretical circle still has only theoretical research on it, but it is difficult to achieve data control for the washing process. This is because the solution system is a heterogeneous dispersion system.

分散介質又是含有各式各樣組分的複雜溶液：體係中涉及的表麵和界麵，以及（jí）汙垢的性質都極為複雜。

Dispersion medium is a complex solution containing various components: the surface and interface involved in the system and the properties of dirt are very complex.

超聲波清洗（xǐ）機所用的清洗劑多為（wéi）液體洗滌劑，組成模式為：表麵活性劑、贅合劑、其他助劑。某（mǒu）物質當其溶（róng）於水即使濃度很小時，能顯著降（jiàng）低水同空氣的表麵張力，或水同其他物質的界麵（miàn）張力，則該物質稱為表麵活性劑。水溶性表麵活性劑的分子結構（gòu）都具有不（bú）對（duì）稱的、極性的特點。分子中同時具有親水基和親（qīn）油（yóu）基，由（yóu）於這種不對稱的極性結構，表麵活性劑（jì）被定向吸附在水溶（róng）液同其他相的界麵上，這樣大大改變了體係（xì）的物理性（xìng）質，特別是各相界麵的界麵（miàn）張力。

Most of the cleaning agents used in the ultrasonic cleaning machine are liquid detergents, and the composition mode is surfactant, superfluous agent and other additives. When a substance is dissolved in water, even if the concentration is very small, it can significantly reduce the surface tension between water and air, or the interfacial tension between water and other substances, the substance is called surfactant. The molecular structures of water-soluble surfactants are asymmetric and polar. There are both hydrophilic and lipophilic groups in the molecule. Due to this asymmetric polar structure, the surfactant is directionally adsorbed on the interface between the aqueous solution and other phases, which greatly changes the physical properties of the system, especially the interfacial tension of each phase interface.

根據表麵活性劑溶於水時親水基（jī）團（tuán）所表（biǎo）現出來的電性，可把（bǎ）表麵活性劑分為（wéi）陰離子、陽離子（zǐ）、中性及兩性（xìng）表麵活性劑。

According to the electrical properties of hydrophilic groups when surfactants are dissolved in water, surfactants can be divided into anionic, cationic, neutral and amphoteric surfactants.

某些（xiē）助劑（jì）的加入，再起到以下作用：

The addition of some additives plays the following roles:

1、緩（huǎn）衝作用：使洗滌劑的PH值（zhí）能維持穩（wěn）定（dìng）。

1. Buffering effect: keep the pH value of detergent stable.

2、對（duì）金屬的抗（kàng）腐蝕作用。

2. Corrosion resistance to metals.

3、能增加洗滌劑的乳化能力和乳（rǔ）化穩定性。

3. It can increase the emulsifying capacity and emulsifying stability of detergent.

4、可使溶液具有（yǒu）很（hěn）好的懸浮能（néng）力和穩定（dìng）懸浮係統的能力（lì），可（kě）防止（zhǐ）汙垢再（zài）次沉降。表麵活性劑、螫合劑、助劑的選擇原則：(1)組成的洗滌（dí）劑具有較強的清洗能力；

4. It can make the solution have good suspension capacity and the ability to stabilize the suspension system, and prevent the re settlement of dirt. The selection principles of surfactants, chelating agents and additives: (1) the detergent composed has strong cleaning ability;

(2)化學性質柔和，不（bú）損傷被（bèi）洗物；

(2) The chemical property is soft and does not damage the washed object;

(3)組分之間不發生化學作用而使（shǐ）組分失效；

(3) There is no chemical action between the components to make the components invalid;

(4)具有良好的漂清性。配（pèi）製洗滌（dí）液的使用溫度及濃度應由具體（tǐ）實驗確定。

(4) It has good bleaching property. The use temperature and concentration of the prepared washing solution shall be determined by specific experiments.