超聲波清洗機是利用超（chāo）聲（shēng）波（bō）在液體中的（de）社會化作用、加速度作用及直進流作用對液體（tǐ）和汙物直接、間接的作用，使汙物層被分散、乳化、剝離（lí）而達（dá）到清洗目的。目前所用（yòng）的超聲波清洗機中，空化作用和直（zhí）進流作用應用（yòng）得（dé）更多。

Ultrasonic cleaning machine is the use of ultrasonic socialization in the liquid, acceleration and straight into the role of liquid and dirt direct and indirect role, so that the dirt layer is dispersed, emulsified, stripped to achieve the purpose of cleaning. At present, cavitation and direct inflow are widely used in ultrasonic cleaning machines.

（1）空化作用：空化作用就是（shì）超聲波以每（měi）秒兩萬次以上的壓縮力和減壓力交互性的高頻變換方式向液體進行透射。在（zài）減壓力作用時，液體中產生真空核群泡（pào）的現象，在（zài）壓縮力作用時，真空核群泡受壓力壓（yā）碎時產生強大的衝（chōng）擊力，由此剝離被清洗物表麵的汙垢，從而達到（dào）精密洗（xǐ）淨目的。

(1) Cavitation: cavitation is the transmission of ultrasonic wave to the liquid by the high frequency transformation of the interaction of compression force and pressure reduction more than 20000 times per second. When the pressure is reduced, the vacuum core group bubbles will appear in the liquid. When the pressure is applied, the vacuum core group bubbles will have a strong impact when they are crushed by the pressure, so as to peel off the dirt on the surface of the object to be cleaned, so as to achieve the purpose of precise cleaning.

在超（chāo）聲波清（qīng）洗過程中，肉眼能看見的（de）泡並不（bú）是（shì）真空核群（qún）泡（pào），而是空氣氣泡，它對空化作用產生抑製作用降低清（qīng）洗（xǐ）效（xiào）率。隻（zhī）有液（yè）體中的空氣氣泡被完全脫走，空化作用的真空核群（qún）泡才能達到佳效果（guǒ）。

In the process of ultrasonic cleaning, the bubbles visible to the naked eye are not vacuum nuclear group bubbles, but air bubbles, which inhibit cavitation and reduce cleaning efficiency. Only when the air bubbles in the liquid are completely removed, the cavitation effect of vacuum core group bubbles can achieve the best effect.

（2）直進流作用：超聲波在液體中沿聲的傳播方（fāng）向產生（shēng）流動的現象稱為直進流（liú）。聲波強（qiáng）度在0.5W/cm2時，肉眼能（néng）看到直進（jìn）流，垂直於振動麵產生流動，流（liú）速約（yuē）為10cm/s。通過此直進流使被清（qīng）洗物表麵的微油汙垢被攪拌，汙垢表麵的清洗液（yè）也產生對流，溶解汙物的溶（róng）解液與新液混合，使溶解（jiě）速度加快，對汙物的搬運起著很大的作用。

(2) Straight inflow: the phenomenon that ultrasonic wave flows along the sound propagation direction in liquid is called straight inflow. When the intensity of acoustic wave is 0.5w/cm2, the straight flow can be seen by naked eye, and the flow is perpendicular to the vibrating surface, and the flow velocity is about 10cm / s. Through this straight forward flow, the micro oil dirt on the surface of the object to be cleaned is stirred, and the cleaning liquid on the dirt surface also has convection. The dissolving liquid dissolving the dirt is mixed with the new liquid, so that the dissolving speed is accelerated, which plays a great role in the transportation of the dirt.

（3）加速度：液體粒子（zǐ）推動產生的加速（sù）度。對（duì）於頻率較高的（de）超聲波清洗（xǐ）機，空化作用就很不（bú）顯著了，這時的清洗主要靠液體粒子超聲作用下的（de）加速度撞擊粒子對汙物進行超精密清洗。

(3) Acceleration: the acceleration of liquid particles. For the ultrasonic cleaning machine with higher frequency, the cavitation effect is not significant. At this time, the cleaning mainly relies on the acceleration of liquid particles under the ultrasonic effect to impact particles to clean the dirt.